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Vol. XVII, Number 3 Spring, 2003

ONGOING ACTIVITIES

     In the United States and around the world, in the last few months, there has been a huge, unprecedented and growing series of protests by a great many groups and individuals against the United States initiating a war in Iraq. Some people and groups are against any Iraq war. A great many others oppose any military action as long as the inspections are working and the UN Security Council finds that they are. There is vast opposition to the U.S. beginning an Iraq war without the positive support of the U.N. Security Council. A number of groups and individuals have gone to Baghdad to stand for peace, many remaining while the war takes place, including a delegation of Christian Peacemaker Teams / Iraq Peace Team (http://www.cpt.org, http://www.iraqpeaceteam.org). Leah Wells has been circulating reports from and about them at: education@napf.org@pop.ndic.com. Sojourners circulated a 6-point plan to remove Saddam Hussein from power without killing innocent people. The plan is available at http://www.sojo.net/action. The Public Conversations Project is inviting people to participate in an online forum about the war at: http://www.publicconversations.org/pcp/index.asp?page_id=201 and to convene a dialogue about Iraq http://www.publicconversations.org/pcp/index.asp?page_id=201. The Public Conversations Project is at 46 Kondazian Street, Watertown, MA 02472, info@publicconversations.org, http://www.publicconversations.org.

    On Friday January 10th over 120 people participated in a Peace Walk from Jaffa to Tel Aviv, organized by Shvil Zahav. The flyer passed out along the four hour journey read: "The Time is Now. Be saved from despair. Get out of the house and return to hope. We, Jews and Arabs walk together in silence in one powerful line for peace." Participating in the Walk were children and elders, including a busload of Arab youth who came from Shfar'am and Um El Fahem. At the closing circle one Jewish participant, Iris observed: "people identify with this small faith of ours, and the faith spreads that there IS a future." Halam from Um El Fahem shared: "this is the way to make peace with our neighbors... We walk with one heart, one body and one spirit for peace."

     The Canadian International Development Agency is funding a program that "provides scholarships for community activists from Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian territories ... to spend a year together in the same McGill classroom, studying for a master's degree in social work." The program has brought to the Middle East the idea behind Project Genesis, a community agency initially created to assist Montreal's elderly Jewish population. (Source: The Globe and Mail, February 10, 2003)

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Gush Shalom (Israeli Peace Bloc), info@gush-shalom.org, forwarded the following Appeal to World Public Opinion From Palestinians Under Siege on March 10. The appeal is the result of many frantic meetings and consultations among Palestinian activists, NGO's and political organizations - covering the entire spectrum of Palestinian opinion and including people and groups who traditionally oppose each other, but all united in forming The Palestinian Emergency Committees (PEC), in the face of what may happen during Bush's war on Iraq. Several of these groups have approached Gush Shalom and other Israeli peace groups.

Appeal to World Public Opinion From Palestinians under siege

     World attention is focused nowadays on Iraq and the effect of the US-led attack on regional stability. Millions of people all over the world demonstrate their opposition to the war and attempt to avert it. However, the message we, the Palestinian civilian population, are receiving from Israeli officials is threatening us with dangerous consequences. Statements made over the last two months by both Israeli officials and media indicate what they are proposing, planning and preparing to execute in the Palestinian occupied territories in case of war against Iraq. Such statements could be meant as intimidation, deterrent or real threat. In view of our past and present experience, we, the Palestinians, tend to see them as a threat endangering our very existence in this land of ours. The threats published just recently by the Israeli media include, among many others: Imposing a total curfew on the Palestinian people and land.

-- Declaring the Palestinian territories closed military areas, thus preventing foreign and local journalists from operating in the territories Such measures are clearly intended to prevent the public exposure of the possible Israeli actions against the Palestinians.

-- Continuing the Israeli practice of mass detention of Palestinian activists without charges, and the destruction of Palestinian homes and infrastructure.

-- Possible mass transfer of Palestinian civilian population from certain locations adjacent to the proposed Israeli security wall. These areas belong to the occupied West Bank.

--Possible efforts to transfer Palestinians from the occupied territories to neighboring countries.

--Possible elimination of the elected president of the Palestinian Authority, Mr. Yasser Arafat, or his deportation to a remote area.

     The Palestinian Emergency Committees (PEC) were established in the Palestinian territories to undertake the specific tasks of organizing the community during the possible war on Iraq, and to highlight the need for Palestinian readiness for possible drastic Israeli measures. PEC is a coalition of NGOs, national organizations, charitable societies, professional unions, political parties, ministries and public figures, operating through a coordinating office in Ramallah with national outreach and representation. We ask you to form an International Committee for the Protection of the Palestinian People, and to take immediate steps to prevent the Israeli government from taking advantage of the situation created by the war on Iraq. Your support is very much needed and could help in preventing further suffering and pain and the death of innocent Palestinians. For further information and contact, please write to: protectpalestinians@yahoo.com Ramallah, Occupied Palestine, March 3rd, 2003

***

Israeli Statement of Support for the Palestinian Emergency Appeal

     As Israelis, we strongly support the “Appeal to World Opinion” published by the Palestinian Emergency Committee. We call on all people of goodwill to set up urgently an International Committee for the Protection of the Palestinian People. The dangers posed to the Palestinian population in case of an American attack on Iraq are real and severe. Extreme right-wing elements in our political and military leadership may try to exploit the war situation in order to commit acts of ”transfer” Such acts violate Israeli and international law and endanger the future of Israel. Peace between the peoples of Israel and Palestine is the only solid basis for the security and well-being of our state.
ISRAELI EMERGENCY COMMITTEE, info@gush-shalom.org. If you want to subscribe, send mail to gush-shalom-intl-request@mailman.gush-shalom.org and write, "subscribe" in the subject line.

     Gush Shalom, and other groups, have been helping reduce the deprivations of the Israeli limitations of Palestinian travel by delivering flour to a number of Palestinian villages.

The WOFPP (Women's Organization for Female Political Prisoners) held a demonstration on Sunday, 9 March 03 at 10.30 am in front of Neve Tirza Prison, Ramle to celebrate Woman's Day and to protest the horrible conditions and especially the lack of medical care in Neve Tirza Prison.

Meanwhile, various groups have been organizing for the defense and support of Israeli soldiers and reservists refusing to be assigned to duty in the occupied territories, and have been protesting the first courts martial of a civilian in the 55-year history of the Israeli legal system, to be followed soon by military trials of other young members of the group of draft resisters. The accused and their supports assert that such courts martial of civilians are in violation of Israeli law and are morally wrong. There is also much protesting of the U.S. proposal for a war in Iraq. All of these activities are supported by Gush Shalom, pob 3322, Tel-Aviv 61033, Israel, Help Palestine, http://www.HelpPalestine.Org, and The Other Israel, otherisr@actcom.co.il. Reports of Israeli security activity in Palestinian areas is provided by    "Rapprochement," rapprochementpalestine@yahoogroups.com and the Palestine "Rapprochement Centre," rapprochement@palsolidarity.org, and by The Palestine Monitor, a PNGO Information Clearinghouse, +972 (0)2 298 5372 or +972 (0)59 387 087, http://www.palestinemonitor.org/"}http://www.palestinemonitor.org.

International monitors (such as Tobias Karlsson, ISM-Coordinator, Jenin area, +972 (0)57-836527, +972 (0)67-437690) have been reporting on security actions in Palestinian areas and taking nonviolent action, such as helping thwart destruction of the UPMRC medical clinic during the second invasion of Nablus in two weeks. Other organizations working for peace among Palestinians and Israelis include Israeli/Palestinian Center for Research and information, www.ipcri.org, Oasis of Peace, www.nswas.com, Jerusalem Center for social and Economic Rights, www.jcser.org, Middle East Nonviolence and Democracy, www.mend-pal.org, Coalition of women for a Just Peace, www.coalitionfwomen4peace.org, International Solidarity Movement, www.palsolidartiy.org, Palestinian Conflict Resolution Center, www.planet.edu, The Palestinian Center for Rapprochement, www.raprochement.org, Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, www.icahd.org, Rebuilding Homes campaign, www.rebuildinghomes, Rabbis for Human Rights, rhr.Israel.net, Bat Shalom, www.batshalom.org, Ometz Le’Sarev, www.seruv.org, and Friends of Sabeel, www.sabeel.org. In January, Sheikh Abd al Wahid Pallavicini of Milan, Italy, one of the 70 Jewish, Muslim, and Christian scholars participating in the 10th International Theology Conference that recently took place in Jerusalem, "hopes to kick-start a dialogue between Islam and Judaism, which may help to find a way of living together in peace”.

     The School of the Americas Watch reports that under heavy pressure, that almost caused Congress to cut its funding, the U.S. Army has changed the name of the school to The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (at Ft. Benning, GA), and added some courses in human rights and democracy. However, the school remains fundamentally a combat school for Latin American soldiers, and is still the “school for assassins,” many of whose graduates continue to return home to make war on their own people, applying their learnings at the school in such areas as counterinsurgency, psychological operations, commando tactics and mine laying.

Reports issued by the U.S. state Department and Human Rights Watch in 2000 indicate that graduates of the school in Columbia have been involved in kidnapping, murder and the creation of paramilitary groups that engage in these same activities. Half of the 247 Columbian officials cited in an earlier report were graduates of the school. Some Columbian graduates returned to the school as instructors or guest lecturers, or were named to its hall of fame, after their involvement in human rights abuses. Recently, the School of Americas Watch has been strongly opposed to the U.S. unilaterally launching a war in Iraq, seeing this as counter to the interests of the United States and its citizens, while surely creating extensive humanitarian harm. For more information, contact School of the Americas Watch, P.O. Box 4566, Washingt5on, DC 20017 (202)234-3440, www.soaw.org.

     The Conflict Resolution Center International (CRI), in Pittsburgh, and Conflict Resolution Network Canada (CR Network) have produced a joint issue of the later’s quarterly, Interaction: sharing Ideas, Innovations & Perspective on Conflict Resolution in Canada and CRI’s Conflict Resolution Notes. The issue reports on a number of ongoing developments. The Palestinian/Jewish Dialogue Group was formed in Toronto in 1999, in response to the Second Infatada. An evolving group of 10-12 Canadians of wide ranging views of Palestinian, Jordanian, Israeli-Arab, Saudi, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Pakistani-Muslim, Syrian, Israeli-Jewish and Russian-Jewish backgrounds, with an Anglo-Saxon Christian facilitator, have been listening to the underlying humanity of each other’s stories with the perspective that the speaker might be correct. The experience has been having a transforming effect on both speakers and listeners, as it has built an environment of trust.

Charles D. Tauber shared his findings, following peacebuilding work in the Balkans, that, “The International Community’s response to this has been short-term quick fix solutions. The governments of the region have neither the money nor the political will to take the difficult long-term steps needed to get the people moving in a good direction. CR Network has been cooperating with the Ministry of Education in Columbia to build a culture of Peace in schools in Columbia, by developing the orientation and skills of alternative, peaceful conflict resolution. CR Network initially trained a group of School staff in peer mediation in 1991, who in turn trained staff in their own schools to launch the program. For more information on these and other projects, contact Conflict Resolution Network Canada, Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, Conrad Grebel University College, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G6, Canada (519)885-0880, crnetwork@crnetwork.ca, www.crnetwork.ca and Conflict Resolution International, Inc., 204 37 St., Pittsburgh, PA 15201 (412)687-6210, Paul@ConflictRes.org, www.ConflictRes.org.

     Psychologists for Social Responsibility (PsySR) has continued to have many members active in opposing a war in Iraq in speaking, writing, and organizing and participating in demonstrations. PsySR held its 20th anniversary conference in Washington, D.C., March 28-30. The Peace Education Action committee and American Psychological Association (APA) Division 48 Peace and Education Working Group are seeking reviewers for the new Peace Resource Project. Materials will be made available though web site links for free downloading, following selection by peer review. For information contact Linda Woolf: woolflm@webster.edu. The Conflict Resolution Action Committee made available an updated PsySR Palestinian/Israeli Statement, in November. For information contact Steve Fabick: stevefabick@aol.com.

The Nonviolent Social Change Action Committee is working to enlarge its network of scholars and practitioners seeking the nonviolent promotion of social justice, while developing a series of brief papers on the psychology of nonviolence. The action committee’s web site is at: www.psysr.org/NV/home.html. The Environmental Protection and Justice Action Committee has a new mission statement available at: www.psysr.org. The Global Violence and Security Action Committee has been distributing materials on the war in Iraq and a primer on psychological aspects of the war debate. They call for psychologists to have a presence in the media to raise awareness about the dangers of war including denial of consequences, manipulation of public emotion, and exclusion of alternative strategies.

“Experts and politicians are daily making psychologically incorrect claims. We are challenging myths such as the ideas that war now will prevent violence later, that it might promote a little bit of manageable terrorism, and that we have exhausted all other alternatives.” The committee is developing a think tank of experts to develop trainings for media and congressional staff. To subscribe it the committee’s list-serve send a blank message to psysr-gv-subscribe@yahoogroups.com. Among PsySR members, Robert Valett published Successful Peaceful Conflict Resolution, information obtainable from the author: robertv@csufresno.edu, while Steve Fabrick has a chapter in the Psychology of Terrorism. PsySR now has a weekly E-mail update available by sending a blank document to psysr-announce-subscribe@yahoogroups.com. For more information contact PsySR, 2604 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20008 (202)745-7084, psysrusa@cs.com, www.psysr.org.

The International Peace Practitioners Network, a joint product of PsySR and division 48, reports: In October, The North and South Korean Women’s Reunification Rally held at Mt. Kumgang, North Korea, brought 670 women together in the first such North-South event since the division of Korea, with the primary theme the role of gender in peacebuilding and unification. For details, contact Gyuang-Lan Jung, Chairperson, Committee of International Affairs, Women Making Peace: hunmanrights@korea.com. Al Fuertes facilitated a workshop in trauma and healing in Thailand/Burma in February and March at the Karen Refugee Camp. A comprehensive progressive declaration for women’s participation in national construction in Somalia, “Time to Come Together, Time to Heal the Wounds,” was developed in Mogadishu in August, and is available from Mumina Aden: mumina.aden@undp.org.

     Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) is very concerned that even a short war in Iraq will bring huge casualties to civilians, significant and possibly severe environmental damage, and a public health disaster in Iraq. PSR is perturbed that in addition to other actions damaging to the environment by the Bush administration, EPA announced relaxation of rules under the Clean Air Act, in November, that “directly threaten the health of all Americans.” The organization also reports (in the fall-winter 2202-03 issue of PSR Reports) that, “Despite the terror that gripped the Washington, DC area during the sniper spree this fall, and in spite of the growing death toll in cities across the country, the Bush administration continues to stall proven plans to track down murderers and to keep guns off the street and out of the hands of criminals.” In addition, PSR finds that, “Nowhere has science in the public interest been more blatantly ignored than in the government’s ballistic missile defense program,” as “proponents of the new missile defense routinely ignore evidence of unrealistic tests, botched intercepts and misread results.” For more information, contact PSR, 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 1012, Washington, DC 20009 (202)667-4260, www.psr.org.

The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) environmental work is now focusing on getting Congress to pass the Clean School Bus Grant Program to get old, more polluting, school busses off the road and replaced by busses using alternative fuels or low sulfur diesel. UCS’ work against weapons of mass destruction continues. For more information, contact Union of Concerned Scientists, 2 Brattle Sq., Cambridge, MA 02238 ,(617)547-5552, ucs@ucsusa.org, www.ucsusa.org.

     Among the many conferences of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP), producing published reports, two recent ones are of particular interest. In January 2002, USIP and the International Center on Nonviolent Conflict put on a conference on lessons that could be learned from experience with non-violent conflict (See USIP Special Report: “Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: Lessons from the Past, Ideas for the Future”). Among the findings were: Strategic nonviolent action has been used successfully against even very brutal regimes, and is applicable in a wide variety of circumstances across many different cultures and societies. Nonviolent movements are most successful when they adopt clearcut strategies to achieve realistic goals, based upon an assessment of the available material and human resources and the weaknesses of the regime. Since regimes rely on routine obedience and cooperation from people, when a nonviolent movement can convince enough people to withdraw their cooperation, the regime’s efforts to remain in power or continue a policy become much more difficult. By subverting the security forces or by demonstrating a regime’s inability to govern or continue a policy ilegitimately, nonviolent movements have defeated otherwise invincible rulers. International actors have played a significant role in the success of nonviolent efforts in a wide variety of ways, including provision of financial support or applying economic pressure on the government, publicizing the work of the nonviolent group and criticizing the unjust actions of those in power.

There is need for a greater understanding and appreciation of nonviolent means on the part of governments, international organizations and the media. In May of 2002 Richard Joseph authored a Special Report: “Smart Partnership for African Development,” finding: that attempts at political and economic development in Africa have achieved only mixed results due to profound institutional deficiencies in many countries, corruption and persistent conflict. The New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) promoting enhanced investment in poorer countries that undertake political, legal and economic reforms needs to develop a new strategic framework taking into account transnational demography, communications and development trends that facilitate the pursuit of alternatives to state-centric models, while tailoring programs to the specific circumstance and needs of each nation and smaller region. For more information about this and other institute work and publications, contact USIP, 1200 17 St., NW, Washington, DC 20036 (202)457-1700, www.usip.org.

     Amnesty International (AI) is deeply concerned that U.S. Immigration and Nationalization Service Special Registration operation in connection with the war on terrorism (the National Security Entry Exit Registration System) may be in violation of international law, and is requesting concerned people to write the Attorney general, urging a review of current immigration policies, taking action to put them in compliance with international law. The current policy is suspect for being aimed at people of specific ethnic and religious backgrounds, and gender. In Los Angeles, alone, in December, the INS arrested 400-500 Middle eastern males 16 years of age and older who had registered, detaining them for a few days, often in over crowded conditions, charging many of them with minor visa violations. In addition, AI objects to spying on peaceful activists, branding many of them, including AI members, as being linked to “criminal extremism.” For more information contact Amnesty International, 322 8 Ave., New York, NY 10001 (888)368-9356, aimember@aiusa.

     The East Timor Action Network (ETAN) is concerned that congress included funding in the 2003 budget to restart full International Military Education and Training for the Indonesian military, which is still committing human rights violations. However, foreign military financing for Indonesia was not resumed. ETAN continues to find it necessary to create an international tribunal to try Indonesian military and political leaders suspected of committing human rights violations against East Timorese. In August the Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights court on East Timor sentenced the former East Timor governor to three years while acquitting ten other officials. ETAN is also concerned that perhaps 15,000 East Timor refugees are still unable to come home from repressive conditions in West Timor, and 1500 East Timor children are still detained elsewhere in Indonesia. ETAN reports that foreign nations have pledged to donate (mostly through the World Bank) $82 million toward covering the new government’s expected shortfall of $84-$91 million for 2003-05. For more information contact ETAN, 1101 Pennsylvania Ave, SE, Suite 204, Washington, DC 20003 (202)544-6911, etan@etan.org.

     The Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict was established in 1988 at the University of Bochum in Germany. The objective of the Institute is to intensify academic research and instruction in the fields of armed conflict. In particular, it sets out to fill the gaps which have appeared in this area of research in recent decades and to make contributions with respect to fundamental and current issues. In this framework, the Institute, among other activities, publishes a quarterly journal and books, organizes conferences and seminars in humanitarian law and human rights law, and makes statements on current international issues. For more information go to: http://www.ifhv.de. To be included to its e-mailing list that sends out news concerning the Institute contact Noelle Quénivet, Research Associate, Head of Publications, Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict,
NA 02/30, University of Bochum, D- 44780 BOCHUM, Germany.

     The Coexistence Initiative is a relatively new, small nonprofit, organization “that seeks to catalyze a global awareness of, and commitment to, creating a world safe for difference by: gathering and dissemination of information related to coexistence; organizing workshops and conferences on the topic of coexistence and community building; and providing assistance to individuals and organizations engaged in activities that promote coexistence.” For information, contact Andrea Boldt Cespedes, Silka Family Enterprises, 477 Madison Ave., 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022, aboldt@halcyonpartnerships.com.

     Centre for the Study of Forgiveness and Reconciliation, Coventry University, offers an MA in Peace and Reconciliation, a Certificate in Peace and Reconciliation Studies (by Distance Learning), and a BA in Peace and Conflict Studies. For more information contact the director, Professor Andrew Rigby, Centre for the Study of Forgiveness and Reconciliation, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, England CV1 5FB, Tel. (44) 02476 887448, a.rigby@coventry.ac.uk, http://www.coventry.ac.uk/acad/isl/forgive/.

     Food First focuses on the fact that “there is enough food to feed every person on earth today,” yet people are hungry in countries around the world. A major factor in the problem is that “greedy corporations and large landowners have been manipulating international food trade for years to make large profits – while poor families grow food for others but cannot afford to eat themselves.” Food first struggles “to ensure the basic human right of all people to feed themselves and their families.” Food First is now building an international movement to recognize that the right to feed oneself is as important as the rights to free speech and assembly. One of the organization’s projects is overcoming the “dangerous myth” that there is not enough food and that genetically engineered food is necessary to fill the gap. For more information contact Food First, Institute for Food and Development Policy, 198-60 St., Oakland, CA 94618, www.foodfirst.org.

    The International Rescue committee (IRC) has been making progress in helping reduce gender violence in Tanzania, and has been enhancing recovery and economic development in Bosnia and Georgia with small loans to help women start small business and farmers to run their own farms, while providing training in current agricultural methods. IRC has also been training teachers and school administrators, who have returned home to Afghanistan, to restore educational opportunities generally, but particularly for young women. For details, contact IRC, 122 E. 42 St., New York, NY 10168, www.irc.org.

     The Center for Victims of Torture has been using innovative techniques at torture treatment centers in Sierra Leone, Guinea (where hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled civil war in Sierra Leone and Liberia) and the United States to help people, and especially young persons, rebuild their lives. For details contact the Center for victims of Torture, 717 River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612)626-1400, www.cvt.org.

     The Campaign for Labor Rights (CLR) has been newly involved in working for peace and forging alliances with anti war activists, as workers in many nations have opposed the Iraq war, some refusing to handle military supplies destined for the Middle east. CLR has recently joined with other groups in the U.S. and Europe in supporting workers who staged a work stoppage in a factory in Puebla Mexico, protesting nonpayment of wages, forced overtime, the imposition of a sweatheart union and the dangerous practice of locking workers inside the factory during working hours, and calling for the recognition of an independent union. The organizations are pressuring PUMA, a German sportswear company supplied by the Puebla plant, to bring about a change of its practice. In Columbia, CLR supports unions in their daily struggles over workplace issues, and in their opposition to military escalation and direct U.S., involvement in the country’s civil war. In addition, with Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela blocking the U.S. move for a A Free Trade Area in the Americas, CLR and other labor groups are working against the new U.S. plan to have a smaller free trade area in Central America (CAFTA). For more information, contact Campaign for Labor Rights, 1470 Irving St., NW, Washington, DC 20010 (202)232-5002.

     Peace Education Academy of Nepal is a nonprofit organization committed to promoting peace education, culture of peace, tolerance, non-violence, etc. The academy has been organizing a number of programs on peace education, culture of peace and civic education, and has formed the Peace Education Curriculum Development Committee to develop the curriculum of peace education in Nepal. For more information, contact Ramesh Nath Joshi,
Secretary General, Peace Education Academy of Nepal, Panchakanya, Kathmandu, Nepal, Post Box No: 2192, Tel: 977-1-431389; Fax: 977-1-429736

     Pax Educare, the Connecticut Center for Peace Education, now has a web siteat www.paxeducare.org. Pax Educare offers resources and consulting and links educators and practitioners (pre K-12 and higher ed and community educators) to issues relating to peace and justice, racism and ecological sustainability. For information contact Mary Lee Morrison Ph.D., Director, Pax Educare-the CT Center for Peace Education, 155 Wyllys Street, Hartford, CT 06106 (860)930-3182, marylee889@attbi.com, www.paxeducare.org

     Peace Calgary and University of Calgary Campus Peace Coalition can be contacted at nowaruofc@hotmail.com, http://www.peacecalgary.ca/. To join the Peace Calgary Announcements email list, just send a blank email to: subscribe@peacecalgary.ca .

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©2002, 2003, 2004,2005. All rights reserve. The Nonviolent Change Journal is published by the Research/ActionTeam on Nonviolent Large Systems Change - an interorganizational and international project of The Organization Development Institute.

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